Introduction and Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity interval training and ketogenic diet on insulin resistance and adiponectin levels in diabetic rats.

Methodology: This applied experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design including four experimental and control groups. Thirty-two diabetic rats were randomly assigned into four groups: moderate-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity interval training combined with ketogenic diet, ketogenic diet only, and diabetic control. The training groups performed exercise five sessions per week for eight weeks, while the control and ketogenic diet groups did not engage in any physical activity during this period. The interval training program consisted of eight weeks of moderate-intensity exercise, five sessions per week. Normality of data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Inferential analysis comparing pre- and post-intervention results was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22 with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: The results showed that eight weeks of moderate-intensity interval training combined with ketogenic diet had a significant effect on insulin resistance and adiponectin levels in diabetic rats. Insulin resistance values were significantly lower,

Conclusion: It appears that two months of moderate-intensity interval training, with or without a ketogenic diet, directly and significantly increases insulin sensitivity and decreases insulin resistance, providing favorable conditions for improving metabolic status.