Introduction and Objective: Elementary school, as a critical stage in the development of basic cognitive skills, such as sustained attention and memory, plays a key role in students' long-term academic success. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of integrating physical activity with core subject teaching (reading, mathematics, and science) on sustained attention and memory of elementary school students in the Iranian education system.

Methodology: This study was conducted experimentally with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The sample included fifth and sixth grade elementary school students who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed short-term physical activities integrated with lessons during class. Data were collected through a sustained attention test and a working memory test and processed using appropriate statistical analysis.

Results: Data analysis showed that the intervention group had a significant improvement in sustained attention and working memory compared to the control group. The results also showed that these short-term interventions have significant positive effects on students' cognitive performance.

Conclusion: Integrating short-term physical activities with core curriculum can be an effective tool for improving basic cognitive abilities in elementary school. These findings can guide the design of school-based educational programs and policy-making to improve children's academic performance and cognitive health.