Introduction: The growing population of older adults has drawn increasing attention to problems related to balance, postural control, and fall risk in this group. One important factor contributing to these impairments is the reduced ability to perform cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously (dual task performance). Virtual reality has emerged as a novel approach in motor rehabilitation, providing safe and interactive training environments. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of virtual reality–based dual task training on postural control and fear of falling in older adults.

Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 2023 and 2026 were searched in major scientific databases. After screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligible studies were selected. Extracted data included sample characteristics, type and duration of interventions, balance assessment tools, and indicators related to fear of falling. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using standard risk of bias assessment tools, and the results were analyzed through narrative synthesis.

Results: The findings indicated that virtual reality–based dual task training can significantly improve balance, postural control, and the ability of older adults to manage simultaneous cognitive and motor tasks. Furthermore, these interventions increased balance confidence and reduced fear of falling

Conclusion: Virtual reality–based dual task training can be considered an effective approach for fall prevention and rehabilitation in older adults. However, longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm long term effects.